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Argentine hemorrhagic fever
Argentine hemorrhagic fever (AHF) or O'Higgins disease, also known in Argentina as ''mal de los rastrojos'', stubble disease, is a hemorrhagic fever and zoonotic infectious disease occurring in Argentina. It is caused by the ''Junín virus'' (an arenavirus, closely related to the ''Machupo virus'', causative agent of Bolivian hemorrhagic fever). Its vector is a species of rodent, the corn mouse.
== Epidemiology ==
The disease was first reported in a town called O'Higgins (Spanish Wikipedia) in Buenos Aires province, Argentina in 1958, giving it one of the names by which it is known.〔(Graciela Agnese: “Una rara enfermedad alarma a la modesta población de O’Higgins” Análisis del discurso de la prensa escrita sobre la epidemia de Fiebre Hemorrágica Argentina de 1958, Revista de Historia & Humanidades Médicas Vol. 3 Nº 1, Julio 2007, www.fmv-uba.org.ar/histomedicina )〕 Various theories about its nature were proposed: it was Weil's disease, leptospirosis, caused by chemical pollution.〔 It was associated with fields containing stubble after the harvest, giving it another of its names.
The endemic area of AHF covers approximately 150,000 km², compromising the provinces of Buenos Aires, Córdoba, Santa Fe and La Pampa, with an estimated risk population of 5 million.
The vector, a small rodent known locally as ''ratón maicero'' ("maize mouse"; ''Calomys musculinus''), suffers from chronic asymptomatic infection, and spreads the virus through its saliva and urine. Infection is produced through contact of skin or mucous membranes, or through inhalation of infected particles. It is found mostly in people who reside or work in rural areas; 80% of those infected are males between 15 and 60 years of age.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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